Both did comparative studies at Duke, and Duke was changing, I was the last person that finished with an auditory lesion study. That was over, that era disappeared, and it moved on to using lesion studies to look for degeneration in the thalamus to determine connections of cortex with the thalamus.

Later on, there were other methods you could use, but that was used first. Architectonic studies determined subdivisions and lesions to look at the behavior – and Vivien was part of this, and I’ll get to that – but Bill went on to do a postdoc with Ford Ebner at Brown University, and Herb went on to do a postdoc with Ford Ebner at Brown University. And so, there is that connection to Ford who is with our department now. Herb is now at the University of California at Irvine, he is Vice Chancellor of Faculty Affairs, but he had a career working on the barrel field of rats, mainly development. And Bill, for a while was Chair of Anatomy at Duke University and now he is in the Neuroscience Department, and he just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences a few weeks ago, a lovely review of the superior colliculus organization, and function, which should be included in our book on the visual system – it’s a wonderful review.   Next Page