HONS 1850 Neuroethics – Spring 2019

Last edited: March 25, 2019


SCHEDULE

 

Class attitudes and goals

·      EPISTEMIC HUMILITY

·      NULLIUS IN VERBA

 

The field of neuroethics

Introduction

William Safire is credited with coining the term neuroethics.

A good reference book is The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics, edited by Judy Illes. It is available electronically through the Heard Libraries.

For those who are interested, here are some other resources

 

The February 6, 2019 issue of NEURON published the following article on neuroethics

 

 

Editorial


Neuroethics: Think Global

Karen S. Rommelfanger, Sung-Jin Jeong, Caroline Montojo, Mariela Zirlinger


NeuroViews


A Neuroethics Framework for the Australian Brain Initiative


Open Access 

Neuroethics is central to the Australian Brain Initiative’s aim to sustain a thriving and responsible neurotechnology industry. Diverse and inclusive community and stakeholder engagement and a trans-disciplinary approach to neuroethics will be key to the success of the Australian Brain Initiative.


A Neuroethics Backbone for the Evolving Canadian Brain Research Strategy

Judy Illes, Samuel Weiss, Jaideep Bains, Jennifer A. Chandler, Patricia Conrod, Yves De Koninck, Lesley K. Fellows, Deanna Groetzinger, Eric Racine, Julie M. Robillard, Marla B. Sokolowski

Open Access 

Building on Canada’s strong traditions in neuroscience and ethics, neuroethics provides a backbone for the evolving Canadian Brain Research Strategy (CBRS) that, from the outset, incorporates ethically responsible discoveries in brain science into clinical, societal, educational, and commercial innovation.


Responsibility and Sustainability in Brain Science, Technology, and Neuroethics in China—a Culture-Oriented Perspective

Yi Wang, Jie Yin, Guoyu Wang, Pingping Li, Guoqiang Bi, Suning Li, Xiaohuan Xia, Jianren Song, Gang Pei, Jialin C. Zheng

Open Access 

The China Brain Project is in development. Integrating an ethical framework to identify and assess ethical challenges and plan for solutions is a priority. Here Wang et al. discuss ethical questions emerging from brain research in the context of traditional Chinese culture and juxtapose the legacy of Confucianism with contemporary thinking.


The Human Brain Project: Responsible Brain Research for the Benefit of Society

Arleen Salles, Jan G. Bjaalie, Kathinka Evers, Michele Farisco, B. Tyr Fothergill, Manuel Guerrero, Hannah Maslen, Jeffrey Muller, Tony Prescott, Bernd C. Stahl, Henrik Walter, Karl Zilles, Katrin Amunts

Open Access 

Recognizing that its research may raise various ethical, social, and philosophical issues, the HBP has made the identification, examination, and management of those issues a top priority. The Ethics and Society subproject is part of the core research project.


Neuroethical Issues of the Brain/MINDS Project of Japan

Norihiro Sadato, Kentaro Morita, Kiyoto Kasai, Tamami Fukushi, Katsuki Nakamura, Eisuke Nakazawa, Hideyuki Okano, Shigeo Okabe

The Brain/MINDS project aims to further understand the human brain and neuropsychiatric disorders through “translatable” biomarkers. Here, we describe the neuroethical issues of the project that have arisen from clinical data collection and the use of biological models of neuropsychiatric disorders.


Korea Brain Initiative: Emerging Issues and Institutionalization of Neuroethics

Sung-Jin Jeong, In Young Lee, Bang Ook Jun, Young-Joon Ryu, Jeong-woo Sohn, Sung-Phil Kim, Choong-Wan Woo, Ja Wook Koo, Il-Joo Cho, Uhtaek Oh, Kyungjin Kim, Pann-Ghill Suh

Open Access 

Neuroscience research has become a national priority for the Korean government. Korean scholars have dedicated interest in the societal ramifications of neurotechnologies; neuroethics is an integral component of the Korea Brain Initiative and to the formation of its growing neuroscience community.


The NIH BRAIN Initiative: Integrating Neuroethics and Neuroscience

Khara M. Ramos, Christine Grady, Henry T. Greely, Winston Chiong, James Eberwine, Nita A. Farahany, L.Syd M. Johnson, Bradley T. Hyman, Steven E. Hyman, Karen S. Rommelfanger, Elba E. Serrano, James D. Churchill, Joshua A. Gordon, Walter J. Koroshetz

Open Access 

The NIH Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative is focused on developing new tools and neurotechnologies to transform our understanding of the brain, and neuroethics is an essential component of this research effort. Coordination with other brain projects around the world will help maximize success.

 

Mind-brain relations

Basics of brain function


Linking mental and neural function

Here are the items for discussion in class:

Here are a few other resources:


Perception and reality

For discussion in class:

Here are the publications mentioned in the video:


Consciousness

For discussion in class:


For further consideration:


Introduction to ethics

For discussion in class:


Free will and determinism

For consideration before class:

·       Read the Introduction and Sections 3.1 and 3.2 of Free Will (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

·       Watch John Searle on The Paradox of Free Will & Determinism


Law-Neuro: Criminal responsibility


Law-Neuro: Lie Detection & Brain death


Lie detection


Brain death


Class presentation

Brain-Machine Interfaces

 “The chemical or physical inventor is always a Prometheus. There is no great invention, from fire to flying, which has not been hailed as an insult to some god. But if every physical and chemical invention is a blasphemy, every biological invention is a perversion. There is hardly one which, on first being brought to the notice of an observer from any nation which had not previously heard of their existence, would not appear to him as indecent and unnatural.” --- J. B. S. Haldane in Daedalus of Science and the Future, A paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge on February 4th, 1923

 
Reading for class



Artificial intelligence & Robotics



Genetics / CRISPR

 

Personhood

 

 

Altered States: Trauma

 

Altered States: Drugs, meditation

 

Neuroeconomics & neuromarketing

 

 

Theology

1.     Do you believe in God?

a.     38% Yes

b.     62% No

c.     0% Unsure

2.     Do you believe in a higher power?

a.     46% Yes

b.     15% No

c.     38% Unsure

3.     Have you held the same beliefs about religion, spirituality, theology, etc. throughout all or most of your life?

a.     50% Yes

b.     50% No

4.     If your beliefs have changed throughout your life, were those changes:

a.     43% Major and significant

b.     57% Minor

5.     If you changed your beliefs, what most caused you to change them?

a.     0% Family

b.     0% Religious experience

c.     0% Non-religious experience

d.     60% Science/education

e.     0% Clergy

f.      20% Something else

g.     20% Equal amounts of combination

6.     If you had to identify as belonging to one religious group (not culturally, but theologically), how would you identify?

a.     8% Jewish

b.     8% Protestant

c.     8% Catholic

d.     0% LDS

e.     0% Muslim

f.      8% Hindu

g.     0% Jainist

h.     0% Sikh

i.      0% Buddhist

j.      0% Shinto

k.     0% Taoist

l.      38% Atheist

m.    31% Agnostic

7.     How do you use your religion’s holy texts?

a.     88% For guidance or inspiration

b.     13% As a source of absolute truth

8.     Does human life have an inherent meaning, beyond what you yourself contribute to it?

a.     33% Yes

b.     67% No

 

Mental Illness


 

Language / culture / music

 

 

Privacy


 

Enhancement

 

 

Memory


 

Neuroscience of ethics

 
 

Human experiment ethics

 

  

Politics of neuroethics