Seven experiments examined the spatial reference systems used in memory to represent the locations of objects in the environment. Participants learned the locations of common objects in a room, and then made judgments of relative direction using their memories of the layout (e.g., point to the lamp as if standing at the vase facing the clock). The experiments manipulated the number of views that observers were allowed to experience, the presence or absence of local and global frames of reference (e.g., a rectangular mat on which objects were placed & the walls of the room, respectively), and the congruence of local and global frames of reference. There was no evidence that learning the room from multiple views allowed participants to form an orientation-independent representation of the space. The findings also showed that, under certain conditions, views misaligned with salient frames of reference were not represented in memory. Collectively, the results suggested that locations of objects are specified with respect to external frames of reference but from a particular point of view.