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C@ g4LdLd 4) ppp@ <4!d!dgnk? %Emotion0Emotion$Why do we have emotions? Reproduction (e.g., lust, love) Self-protection (e.g., anger & fear) Social structure (e.g., love, liking) Three major elements: Physiological Cognitive CulturalHk!k! PhysiologicalCommon Sense View Event -> Emotion -> Physiological response James-Lange Theory Event -> Physiological response -> Emotion  We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble (W. James, 1884). H++The Face of Emotion(Six basic facial expressions: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, and sadness. Recognized across cultures with high reliability. Consensus highest for happiness, lowest for fear. Some context dependence. Probably used for communication, both to others and to ourselves.  !Emotion & The Brain(Amygdala Evaluates sensory information for emotional importance; approach vs. avoid assessment. Damage causes emotional abnormalities. Cerebral Cortex  Rational appraisal Some hemispheric specialization RH: Recognition of emotional expression  ~ )~ (Energy of Emotion($Medulla releases epinephrine & norepinephrine Leads to state of arousal, the sine qua non of emotion. General vs. specific arousal? $M ."Can lies be detected?Even very experienced professionals are no better than chance at detecting whether someone is lying. Problem with lie detectors: No physiological patterns of responses are specific to lying. Interpretation is unreliable More likely to accuse the innocent than to release the guilty0# CognitiveTwo-factor Theory of Emotion Event -> Physiological response -> Cognitive interpretation -> Emotion Emotions may be more closely associated with explanations than with outcomes (e.g., good vs. bad performance on exams) Olympic medalists VGGLoneliness & Depression$Who are the loneliest people in the US according to surveys? Three aspects of cognition are important in loneliness & depression: Internality: Internal vs. external causes? Stability: Permanent vs. temporary? Control: Out of control vs. in control?6wN +wLoneliness & Depression$lDepressed or anxious people can learn how thinking affects emotions and change their thinking accordingly. Gillham et al. (1995) 69 5th & 6th grade children at risk for depression. Prevention group was taught to identify pessimistic beliefs; to examine evidence for and against beliefs; to generate more realistic alternatives. Control group received no training. <@ Inoculation Against Depression! $$ The Culture(Primary-Secondary Emotions Primary are experienced universally fear, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust, & contempt Secondary are culture specific Germans: schadenfreude (joy at another s misfortune) Japan: ijirashii (the feeling associated with an admirable person overcoming an obstacle) Czech: litost ( a state of torment caused by the sudden insight into one s own miserable self, Kundera)p$?#?%  The CulturePrimary emotions Physiological patterns Facial expressions Prototypes Tend to be evoked by the same situations across cultures$nn& The CultureDisplay rules Emotion work Hiding emotions we feel, and showing emotions we do not feel. Women:  flight attendants Men:  bill collectors 6>2>2Summary$Emotions have three components: Physiological, cognitive, & cultural. A relatively small number of emotions seem to be common to all cultures. 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McNamaraimoimoXHome:Microsoft PowerPoint:Templates:On Screen & 35mm Slides:dbllines.ppt - Double LinesTimothy P. 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James, 1884). H++ ՜.+,D՜.+,X   'On-screen ShowQ: Times Book Antiqua HelveticaMonotype Sorts untitled 1EmotionEmotionPhysiologicalThe Face of EmotionNo Slide TitleEmotion & The BrainEnergy of EmotionCan lies be detected? CognitiveLoneliness & DepressionLoneliness & Depression!Inoculation Against Depression The Culture The Culture The CultureSummary  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles 6> _PID_GUID'AN{39094300-BA08-11D4-BCC7-000502EBBD37} The Face of Emotion( Six basic facial expressions: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, and sadness. Recognized across cultures with high reliability. Consensus highest for happiness, lowest for fear. Some context dependence. Probably used for communication, both to others and to ourselves.  Timespe SortsnPk  `k hk) }DBook AntiquasnPk  `k hk) } DHelveticauasnPk  `k hk) }0DMonotype SortsnPk  `k hk) }@  @@``   @n?" dd@  @@``  8&=!"#$%4B$-\wtHH}3jb$/yA\U=yVjb$׭2u(K(\^ [jb$%#xmZ F_ejb$"9 tby fXjb$$?^!nBMqjb$rD|<7iKj `1? C@ g4LdLd 4) ppp@ <4!d!dgnk? %Emotion0Emotion$Why do we have emotions? Reproduction (e.g., lust, love) Self-protection (e.g., anger & fear) Social structure (e.g., love, liking) Three major elements: Physiological Cognitive CulturalHk!k! PhysiologicalCommon Sense View Event -> Emotion -> Physiological response James-Lange Theory Event -> Physiological response -> Emotion  We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble (W. James, 1884). H++The Face of Emotion(Six basic facial expressions: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, and sadness. Recognized across cultures with high reliability. Consensus highest for happiness, lowest for fear. Some context dependence. Probably used for communication, both to others and to ourselves.  !Emotion & The Brain(Amygdala Evaluates sensory information for emotional importance; approach vs. avoid assessment. Damage causes emotional abnormalities. Cerebral Cortex  Rational appraisal Some hemispheric specialization RH: Recognition of emotional expression  ~ )~ (Energy of Emotion($Medulla releases epinephrine & norepinephrine Leads to state of arousal, the sine qua non of emotion. General vs. specific arousal? $M ."Can lies be detected?Even very experienced professionals are no better than chance at detecting whether someone is lying. Problem with lie detectors: No physiological patterns of responses are specific to lying. Interpretation is unreliable More likely to accuse the innocent than to release the guilty0# CognitiveTwo-factor Theory of Emotion Event -> Physiological response -> Cognitive interpretation -> Emotion Emotions may be more closely associated with explanations than with outcomes (e.g., good vs. bad performance on exams) Olympic medalists VGGLoneliness & Depression$Who are the loneliest people in the US according to surveys? Three aspects of cognition are important in loneliness & depression: Internality: Internal vs. external causes? Stability: Permanent vs. temporary? Control: Out of control vs. in control?6wN +wLoneliness & Depression$lDepressed or anxious people can learn how thinking affects emotions and change their thinking accordingly. Gillham et al. (1995) 69 5th & 6th grade children at risk for depression. Prevention group was taught to identify pessimistic beliefs; to examine evidence for and against beliefs; to generate more realistic alternatives. Control group received no training. <@ Inoculation Against Depression! $$ The Culture(Primary-Secondary Emotions Primary are experienced universally fear, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust, & contempt Secondary are culture specific Germans: schadenfreude (joy at another s misfortune) Japan: ijirashii (the feeling associated with an admirable person overcoming an obstacle) Czech: litost ( a state of torment caused by the sudden insight into one s own miserable self, Kundera)p$?#?%  The CulturePrimary emotions Physiological patterns Facial expressions Prototypes Tend to be evoked by the same situations across cultures$nn& The CultureDisplay rules Emotion work Hiding emotions we feel, and showing emotions we do not feel. Women:  flight attendants Men:  bill collectors 6>2>2Summary$Emotions have three elements: Physiological, cognitive, & cultural. A relatively small number of emotions seem to be common to all cultures. The experience of emotion is affected by cognition and culture.PHLxW]LU>3,ۖJ.l"RӥՄRFQe 65)1&yPꃾؗ4!mꃚڈ46m;wfvfl( g9{ϙ3g}?PuF뺗b$A뺮[b}S^7م9f\M4 K* C9HBXjJ?MQdlEyאָp =mt}wci:s^&_~qcӟvÔ E$_]@3~\ ~\ ~~^p\4obSh}bxN5/%.s"Jơk2W9kC@d)~44bT!=sҐ̉TGMC,[k5撖 H@j`XOT;TJ5IN\*u-cN HhrA:4n?O5ԢٜÑ0+@O})vӸTxG#xSݭ+ʇ1eUY S9UVz~ĕ E7?@ABCDEFjxRKLMNOPQmTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdenopqrstuvwHyz{|}~I`4  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012356789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~DocumentSummaryInformation8JCurrent User3+_AHTimothy P. McNamara !Emotion & The Brain( Amygdala Evaluates sensory information for emotional importance; approach vs. avoid assessment. Damage causes emotional abnormalities. Cerebral Cortex  Rational appraisal Some hemispheric specialization RH: Recognition of emotional expression  ~ )~ ( Energy of Emotion($ Medulla releases epinephrine & norepinephrine Leads to state of arousal, the sine qua non of emotion. General vs. specific arousal? $M . "Can lies be detected? Even very experienced professionals are no better than chance at detecting whether someone is lying. Problem with lie detectors: No physiological patterns of responses are specific to lying. Interpretation is unreliable More likely to accuse the innocent than to release the guilty0 # Cognitive Two-factor Theory of Emotion Event -> Physiological response -> Cognitive interpretation -> Emotion Emotions may be more closely associated with explanations than with outcomes (e.g., good vs. bad performance on exams) Olympic medallists VGG Loneliness & Depression$ Who are the loneliest people in the US according to surveys? Three aspects of cognition are important in loneliness & depression: Internality: Internal vs. external causes? Stability: Permanent vs. temporary? Control: Out of control vs. in control?6wN +w Loneliness & Depression$ lDepressed or anxious people can learn how thinking affects emotions and change their thinking accordingly. Gillham et al. (1995) 69 5th & 6th grade children at risk for depression. Prevention group was taught to identify pessimistic beliefs; to examine evidence for and against beliefs; to generate more realistic alternatives. Control group received no training. < m@ Inoculation Against Depression! $ !$ The Culture (Primary-Secondary Emotions Primary are experienced universally fear, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust, & contempt Secondary are culture specific Germans: schadenfreude (joy at another s misfortune) Japan: ijirashii (the feeling associated with an admirable person overcoming an obstacle) Czech: litost ( a state of torment caused by the sudden insight into one s own miserable self, Kundera)p$?#? %  The Culture Primary emotions Physiological patterns Facial expressions Prototypes Tend to be evoked by the same situations across cultures$nn & The Culture Display rules Emotion work Hiding emotions we feel, and showing emotions we do not feel. Women:  flight attendants Men:  bill collectors 6>2>2 Summary$ Emotions have three elements: Physiological, cognitive, & cultural. A relatively small number of emotions seem to be common to all cultures. The experience of emotion is affected by cognition and culture. Pr?}&#(     `k hk;  DHelveticauasnPk  `k hk; 0DMonotype SortsnPk  `k hk; @  @@``   @n?" dd@  @@``  8&=     4B$-\wtHH}3jb$/yA\U=yVjb$׭2u(K(\^ [jb$%#xmZ F_ejb$"9 tby fXjb$$?^!nBMqjb$rD|<7iKj `1? C@ g4LdLd 4Х= ppp@ <4!d!dgnk? %Emotion0 Emotion$ Why do we have emotions? Reproduction (e.g., lust, love) Self-protection (e.g., anger & fear) Social structure (e.g., love, liking) Three major elements: Physiological Cognitive CulturalHk!k!  Physiological Common Sense View Event -> Emotion -> Physiological response James-Lange Theory Event -> Physiological response -> Emotion  We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble (W. James, 1884). H++ The Face of Emotion( Six basic facial expressions: anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, and sadness. Recognized across cultures with high reliability. Consensus highest for happiness, lowest for fear. Some context dependence. Probably used for communication, both to others and to ourselves.   !Emotion & The Brain( Amygdala Evaluates sensory information for emotional importance; approach vs. avoid assessment. Damage causes emotional abnormalities. Cerebral Cortex  Rational appraisal Some hemispheric specialization RH: Recognition of emotional expression  ~ )~ ( Energy of Emotion($ Medulla releases epinephrine & norepinephrine Leads to state of arousal, the sine qua non of emotion. General vs. specific arousal? $M . "Can lies be detected? Even very experienced professionals are no better than chance at detecting whether someone is lying. Problem with lie detectors: No physiological patterns of responses are specific to lying. Interpretation is unreliable More likely to accuse the innocent than to release the guilty0 # Cognitive Two-factor Theory of Emotion Event -> Physiological response -> Cognitive interpretation -> Emotion Emotions may be more closely associated with explanations than with outcomes (e.g., good vs. bad performance on exams) Olympic medallists@GF  Loneliness & Depression$ Who are the loneliest people in the US according to surveys? Three aspects of cognition are important in loneliness & depression: Internality: Internal vs. external causes? Stability: Permanent vs. temporary? Control: Out of control vs. in control?6wN +w Loneliness & Depression$ lDepressed or anxious people can learn how thinking affects emotions and change their thinking accordingly. Gillham et al. (1995) 69 5th & 6th grade children at risk for depression. Prevention group was taught to identify pessimistic beliefs; to examine evidence for and against beliefs; to generate more realistic alternatives. Control group received no training. < m@ Inoculation Against Depression! $ !$ The Culture (Primary-Secondary Emotions Primary are experienced universally fear, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust, & contempt Secondary are culture specific Germans: schadenfreude (joy at another s misfortune) Japan: ijirashii (the feeling associated with an admirable person overcoming an obstacle) Czech: litost ( a state of torment caused by the sudden insight into one s own miserable self, Kundera)p$?#? %  The Culture Primary emotions Physiological patterns Facial expressions Prototypes Tend to be evoked by the same situations across cultures$nn & The Culture Display rules Emotion work Hiding emotions we feel, and showing emotions we do not feel. Women:  flight attendants Men:  bill collectors 6>2>2 Summary$ Emotions have three elements: Physiological, cognitive, & cultural. A relatively small number of emotions seem to be common to all cultures. The experience of emotion is affected by cognition and culture. Pr?&?<!Nz  g G1|r/ N .`8J@f+`RdO)h5N@PicturesD PowerPoint Document( SummaryInformation(9l     !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678S:;<=>?@ABCDEFxRKLMNOPQmTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdenopqrstuvwHyz{|}~DocumentSummaryInformation8JCurrent User3+_DHTimothy P. McNamara